"In terms of LSM growth, a number of sectors that are showing strong performance; (for example, fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector; plastic products; buses and trucks; and even textiles), are either under reported, or not even covered. The omission of such important sectors from official data coverage, probably explains the apparent disconnect between overall economic activity in the country and the hard numbers in LSM." State Bank of Pakistan Annual Report 2014Economists have long argued that Pakistan's official GDP figures significantly understate real economic activity in terms of both production and consumption.
M. Ali Kemal and Ahmed Waqar Qasim, economists at Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), explored several published different approaches for sizing Pakistan's underground economy and settled on a combination of PSLM (Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement) consumption data and mis-invoicing of exports and imports to conclude that the country's "informal economy was 91% of the formal economy in 2007-08".
And now the State Bank of Pakistan has focused on the production side of the economy in its annual report for Fiscal Year 2014. The nation's central bankers have singled out the economic activity in large scale manufacturing sector as their focus in the latest report. They say that the existing LSM (Large Scale Manufacturing) index was based on Census of Manufacturing Industries (CMI) that was conducted in 2006 which included only those sectors which had significant value addition to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at the time of census.
In the years since 2006 CMI (Census of Manufacturing Industries) census, Pakistan has seen a significant expansion of its middle class along with rapidly growing consumer demand in sectors such as processed foods and fast-moving-consumer goods (FMCG). It's one of several major new sectors whose growth is not reflected in the official GDP figures.
Pakistan's Processed Foods and FMCG Sector Source: BMA Capital |
According to a report by analysts at Pakistan's Topline Securities that examined 25 consumer firms in various sectors, the 2012 sales of the FMCG firms increased by 17% to Rs. 334 billion while profits grew by 40% to Rs. 24 billion. In the five years between 2008 and 2012, sales of these companies showed a compounded average growth rate (CAGR) of 18%, while profits grew at a CAGR of 20%.
Engro Foods, a star performer in the sector, reported 191% increase in profit in 2012 alone, led by the dairy and beverages segment. Other players such as Nestle, Proctor & Gamble and Unilever, have also seen explosive growth with many new plants in production to meet demand. The growth in this sector is not reflected in the LSM component of GDP.
Another key area in large-scale manufacturing is plastics industry. Pakistan Plastic Manufacturing Association says there are 6,000 units operating in the country, employing 600,000 people. This sector is producing a broad range of products from household items, industrial containers, medical and surgical items, auto parts, stationery items and PVC pipes. Yet they are not covered in LSM.
The SBP report further explained that the LSM data was not being reported in Pakistan in accordance with the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) of United Nations Statistics Division’s defined 22 broad categories of manufacturing. The reporting of LSM is limited to only 15 sectors identified by the ISIC while data pertaining to manufactures of apparels, publishing, printing products and recorded media, fabricated metal products (except machinery and equipment), office and accounting machinery and computers, medical precision and optical instruments and recycling of metal and non-metal waste scrap, is not included as part of Pakistan’s LSM.
Pakistan has changed a lot since 2006 in terms of economy and demographics. The World Bank moved Pakistan from a low-income to middle-income country in 2007. Pakistan is much more urbanized and more middle class now than it was in 2006. Pakistan's large scale manufacturing (LSM) sector has changed to respond to meet the rising new product demands of the country's growing middle class consumers. Its time for Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) to conduct a new manufacturing census and Pakistan Census Bureau to do a population census to paint a more accurate picture of the country's demographics and economy now.
Related Links:
Haq's Musings
Pakistan's Growing Middle Class
Pakistan's GDP Grossly Under-estimated; Shares Highly Undervalued
Fast Moving Consumer Goods Sector in Pakistan
3G-4G Roll-out in Pakistan
29 comments:
Pakistan GDP nominal is no less than 400Billion dollars today,but i will wait for the official change in base year.
The Rebasing in 2013 was approved by the caretaker govt but didn't took place,instead few months later Ishaq dar confirmed that the govt will rebase it in the FY 2014-15.Last time musharaf approved the base year to be changed from 1991-12 to 2000 in 2005-06.
Now this time,we are expecting the Base year to be changed to 2010
Data on (India's) gross domestic product (GDP), with 2011-12 as the base year instead of the current 2004-05, are slated to be released on January 31, 2015, which will raise India's GDP size for three years from 2011-12 onwards. Data on the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) and Wholesale Price Index (WPI)-based inflation, using the new base year, will be announced from March 2016.
“The new series of national accounts is tentatively scheduled for release on January 31, 2015,” said a statement by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
Typically, GDP data of past years are revised on the last working day of January. As such, data for 2012-13 and 2013-14 might be revised on January 31 next year (GDP growth for 2012-13 and 2013-14 stood at 4.5 per cent and 4.7 per cent, respectively).
However, if past revisions are a yardstick, there isn’t much hope of a revision in GDP growth. However, in absolute numbers, GDP size of the economy would be increased for 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14.
http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gdp-data-with-fy12-as-base-year-to-be-out-in-january-2015-114101301346_1.html
""State Bank: Pakistan's Actual GDP Higher Than Official Figures Show"
That is not unique to Pakistan! Most countries are revising figures that tend to be higher especially developing countries. Inputs are constantly changing which makes exchange of goods and services little bit more efficient (technology etc) ultimately reflecting improved figures that assess inflation as well
Sahama: That is not unique to Pakistan! Most countries are revising figures that tend to be higher especially developing countries..."
Yes, but the entire fast growing sectors missing is still unusual as is the case in Pakistan now. These sectors have grown to meet the needs of rapidly expanding middle class in the country.
Since 1990, Pakistan's middle class had expanded by 36.5% and India's by only 12.8%, according to an ADB report titled "Asia's Emerging Middle Class: Past, Present And Future.
http://www.riazhaq.com/2012/08/upwardly-mobile-pakistan-on-66th.html
Sahama: "Most countries are revising figures that tend to be higher especially developing countries...."
In "Capital in the Twenty-First Century", French economist Thomas Piketty argues that the GDP growth rates of India and China are exaggerated.
Picketty writes as follows:
"Note, too, that the very high official growth figures for developing countries (especially India and China) over the past few decades are based almost exclusively on production statistics. If one tries to measure income growth by using household survey data, it is often quite difficult to identify the reported rates of macroeconomic growth: Indian and Chinese incomes are certainly increasing rapidly, but not as rapidly as one would infer from official growth statistics. This paradox-sometimes referred to as the "black hole" of growth-is obviously problematic. It may be due to the overestimation of the growth of output (there are many bureaucratic incentives for doing so), or perhaps the underestimation of income growth (household have their own flaws)), or most likely both. In particular, the missing income may be explained by the possibility that a disproportionate share of the growth in output has gone to the most highly remunerated individuals, whose incomes are not always captured in the tax data."
"In the case of India, it is possible to estimate (using tax return data) that the increase in the upper centile's share of national income explains between one-quarter and one-third of the "black hole" of growth between 1990 and 2000. "
http://books.google.com/books?id=J222AgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=thomas+piketty&hl=en&sa=X&ei=R7g0VMO3PMfjoASlvIGYDg&sqi=2&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=Indian&f=false
From Jakarta Post:
Four years ago, newspapers in India published the intriguing news that their government was likely to benefit from the changes in base year for calculating gross domestic product (GDP) data, as the change would render the fiscal deficit much lower than projected.
Neighboring Pakistan then amplified the issue by stating that it explained a statistical paradox on living standards between the two countries. This January, India will again rebase its GDP with a newer base year, and the sneaking suspicion regarding who will benefit remains.
Last April, Nigeria, meanwhile, gained the status of the largest economy in Africa, surpassing South Africa after changing its GDP base year from 1990 to 2010. The Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics said that the change would better represent the current structure of the economy.
As a result, Nigerian GDP almost doubled compared with when it was calculated from a 1990 base year.
Indonesia is set for a similar occurrence with the upcoming economic growth announcement in February. GDP, the main element to measure economic growth, will appear in a new base year: 2010.
The year 2000 has been used as a base year for 14 years, or 56 quarters of GDP calculation. Since the base year is essential to develop GDP, it should be renewed or rebased when the economic structure can no longer be appropriately represented by the current base year.
However, changing the base year requires a lot of effort and money, especially in developing countries where administrative data are not yet sufficiently available.
Taking these points into consideration, the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) has decided to rebase GDP from base year 2000 to base year 2010. The base years prior to 2000 were 1993, 1983, 1973 and 1960.
Resetting the base year is usually accompanied by introducing a new classification of GDP components, either components in GDP by expenditure or GDP by industry. Every change in base year usually presents more detailed component classifications of GDP.
More importantly, rebasing usually changes GDP levels because of improvement in methodology, coverage and data source quality. As the result, the level of GDP will likely rise.
After changing the base year from 1993 to 2000 a decade ago, Indonesian GDP in 2000 at current prices was Rp 1.27 quadrillion (US$100.64 billion) using 1993 as the base year, but higher by 9.87 percent using 2000 as the base year. This means there was an additional Rp 125 trillion in nominal GDP amount for the same economy.
Changing the base year from 1983 to 1993, GDP for the year 1993 also came out in two versions. The first version based on 1983 amounted to Rp 302 trillion and the second version based on 1993 totaled Rp 329 trillion, an increase of Rp 27 trillion.
However, the economic growth figure will not be affected significantly, neither upward nor downward. Rebasing mostly affects the size of the economy, not the growth.
This is because as regards the growth, the principle of comparability should be applied as a new set of items can only be compared with another new set of items. Put briefly, an apple can only be compared with an apple.
Nevertheless, the above statement is open to criticism. This is because new data coverage added to the GDP calculation will surely bring a new set of commodities.
And as new commodities, they stick to the rule of industrial life cycles, which states that new commodities grow more quickly than old commodities.
Consequently, overall growth will likely be higher than the old series, although in many cases, the difference is negligible.
- See more at: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/21/indonesia-change-base-year-cui-bono.html#sthash.qOL0aMMt.dpuf
Pakistan has a score of 54.1 and ranks 16 while India has a score of 50.9 and ranks 37 among 151 countries on Happy Planet Index 2014.
Among South Asians, Bangladesh is the happpiest ranking at 11 and scores 56.3. `
http://www.happyplanetindex.org/data/
Prof sb,
Inshallah, revaluation of GDP figures will show Pakiland to be much richer than suspected. However, correct as that is, I suggest you make this suggestion only from the safety of the Net and from the streets of Pakiland. The aam abdul is in a bad mood with the power and fuel shortage and may take your findings in a completely wrong sense.
Regards
Majumdar: "The aam abdul is in a bad mood with the power and fuel shortage and may take your findings in a completely wrong sense."
Yes, you are right.
However, the under-reporting of GDP and fuel shortage are both systems of the same poor governance and government dysfunction.
Any progress in Pakistan is in spite of, not because of its leadership.
More than the GDP figure alone, the year on year change in GDP is considered vital. We have low savings rate, our exports are not diversified and relatively experiencing lower growth, there is little investment in the inefficient power sector, the security of the nation and very little foreign investment. China has promised more investment but that has not yet materialized.
All these factors among many does not bode well for future growth of the economy.
On paper GDP may be revised but ultimately without growth the nation cannot progress. Bad governance on top of it doesn't help either
Kadeer: "More than the GDP figure alone, the year on year change in GDP is considered vital."
Ignoring the fastest growing sectors of the economy results in understatement of growth rate as well as GDP.
KARACHI: Subjective factors are holding back Pakistan, a nation that fares better than most its equals in the emerging world. “Pakistan has good cards. Here, it is more a question of playing them well.”
David Martin Darst, an investment strategist, writer and an incorrigible optimist, visiting Pakistan on the invitation of Aga Khan University Hospital, said while talking exclusively to Dawn.
Currently he serves as a senior adviser and a member of Morgan Stanley Wealth Management Global Investment Committee, the company he joined in 1996 from Goldman Sachs.
Counting Pakistan’s blessings, he mentioned demographic bonus, its geography, vibrant media, entrepreneurial bent, assertive judiciary, history and rich cultural diversity, pool of overseas Pakistanis remitting sizeable monies, deep-rooted faith, existence of family and community.
He considered future outlook good for Pakistan and bracketed it with nine emerging economies that have collective potential to outperform giants, like China and Japan, in the next four decades.
He reposed confidence in the country’s capital market which he thought can attract big inflow of portfolio investment on the strength of its comparative performance.
“People tend to see the world too simplistically. Sometimes greatest investment opportunity is in countries that are perceived to be most risky.”
David, who was in the office of Morgan Stanley at the World Trade Centre when it was attacked on Sept 11, 2001 and was amongst fortunate people who left the building before it collapsed, did not sound bitter.
He first came to Pakistan about 20 years back and likes to return to the country at every chance that comes his way.
“This is my 10th visit. I have seen a few cities and been to up north. I think Swat and other hill-stations are amongst most beautiful places I have ever been to. The more I know the country, the more I like it,” he mused.
He said Pakistan is the middle child of Asia, neither big, nor small and would play a decisive role in setting the direction for the region.
“The family goes the way of the middle child,” he quipped lamenting the negative world image of Pakistan that has failed to acknowledge its contributions, including the size of its participation in UN peace-keeping forces in difficult environments.
http://www.dawn.com/news/1159854/subjective-factors-holding-back-pakistan
The year-on-year inflation rate in Pakistan has dropped to 3.88% in January from 4.3% in December and the latest number is a multi-year (11-year) low (on falling energy prices).
The Pakistani rupee fell to a near two-month low on 2 February as official data showed price pressures further eased in the South Asian country.
The year-on-year inflation rate in Pakistan has dropped to 3.88% in January from 4.3% in December and the latest number is a multi-year low.
USD/PKR rose to as high as 101.40, its highest since early December, and up from the previous close of 101.10. At the highest of the day, the rupee was down 0.3% against the greenback.
The Pakistani currency has been on a downtrend since mid-December and as of now, the USD/PKR pair is testing the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement of its October-December selloff.
A break of the current level will take the pair to 101.80 before hitting the 102 level. The nearest 102 level to watch out for is 102.17.
The 14-day moving average has not broken above the 50-day mark as yet, despite the upward correction in the pair since December, and such a break will trigger a more important buy signal.
However, the 101 support has to hold for more upsides in the pair. If it breaks below that level, then the next level to watch will be 100.21 before testing levels below 100.
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/pakistans-rupee-falls-two-month-low-inflation-eases-further-1486236
IMF raises Pakistan's GDP growth outlook
International Monetary Fund, or IMF, has raised GDP growth outlook for Pakistan to 4.7 per cent in financial year 2015-16 and said the country is expected to achieve 4.3 per cent year-on-year growth in current fiscal year ending on June 30.
Outgoing IMF mission head for Pakistan Jeffrey Franks said fund has scaled up its gross domestic product (GDP) growth forecast for Pakistan from 4.4 per cent to 4.7 per cent during July-June 2016 period as the country’s economy is in better shape after the implementations of economic reforms in the past 18 months.
“The sharp drop in oil prices represents an historic opportunity to reduce the vulnerability of the economy by building stronger fiscal and external buffers,” Franks told Khaleej Times on the sidelines of joint Press conference with Pakistan’s Finance Minister Ishaq Dar in Dubai on Thursday.
He said unexpected decline in oil prices gives $4 billion cushion to Pakistan economy and the government should utilise the advantage to address some of the long-standing imbalances in the energy sector.
“Some progress has been made in addressing the structural impediments to higher and more inclusive growth, but few important challenges remain and need to address for sustainable stable economy,” he said.
Elaborating, he said the government should take appropriate steps to enhance the independence of the central bank, resolve energy sector deficiencies on permanent basis, complete the legal framework for deposit insurance and privatise or restructure public enterprises.
Dar expressed the hope that Pakistan economy is on track to achieve its GDP growth target of 5.1 per cent during current financial year 2014-15 as all the major economic indicators are on positive trajectory.
“IMF always gave a cautious outlook, but we are confident of achieving our 5.1 per cent GDP growth target despite some challenges in the country,” Dar said.
To a question, he said Pakistan economy suffered significant losses due to sit-in protests and fall in oil prices, but the PML (N) government led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif managed to overcome the crises due to prudent economic policies, financial discipline and strict control on expenditures.
Dar also highlighted the economic reforms undertaken by the government since June 2013 and expressed his satisfaction over the performance of the economy.
“I assure you that Pakistan economy is moving in right direction and will achieve higher growth rates in future,” he said.
Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan Ashraf Wathra said the country has potential to register even higher growth rate in medium term.
“Pakistan has a proven history of achieving six per cent-plus growth in the past. We have to revive the economy and hit at least seven per cent GDP growth in coming years,” he said.
http://www.khaleejtimes.com/biz/inside.asp?xfile=/data/uaebusiness/2015/February/uaebusiness_February65.xml§ion=uaebusiness
From Wall Street Journal: India Economists’ Embarrassing Confession: They Don’t Know What GDP Is
India’s radically revised gross domestic product data have apparently left economists dazed and confused because they are uncharacteristically silent about what growth was last quarter.
India is scheduled to announce GDP figures for the quarter ended Dec. 31 on Monday but instead of the regular rush of forecasts, economists seem to have created a cartel of silence, choosing not to make predictions using India’s new methodology.
Last week India surprised all the experts by recalculating GDP growth for the fiscal year ended March. Using a new calculation method, India’s economy expanded 6.9% that year, well above the 4.7% growth the country had announced earlier.
“The revision was massive,” said Siddhartha Sanyal, India economist at Barclays. “We don’t know what the GDP was in the previous quarter, so how do we estimate what is going to happen?”
The change happened because the government brought forward the base year used in GDP calculations by seven years to fiscal 2012. It also switched from using production costs to market prices.
While the headline growth figure shot up with the new calculations, the absolute GDP figure was basically the same as it was before, making it hard for economists to figure out exactly where the new-found growth came from. Meanwhile, the government didn’t give the revised quarterly data or new calculations for this year.
“We are completely blind at the moment,” said Saugata Bhattacharya, chief economist at Axis Bank.
While the new numbers suggest that last year the economy was rebounding strongly, some economists are still skeptical. Most other indicators that year suggested growth was sputtering, they said.
“I am not convinced that there is (such) good news,” said Glenn Levine, an economist at Moody’s Analytics. “If it’s true that the economy is growing close to 7%, then that suggests there isn’t much slack in the economy.”
That’s something economists are finding hard to digest given other indicators such as industrial production have pointed to weakness.
With a lot of questions about the new data still remaining unanswered, economists are only estimating growth for last quarter based on the old method even though the government won’t be announcing those numbers anymore.
Forecasts of eight economists surveyed by The Wall Street Journal using the now-outdated method range between 5.0% and 5.5%, compared with the 5.3% expansion in the September quarter.
While few will venture a guess on what numbers will be announced Monday, “the broader picture is that the economy is improving,” said Axis Bank’s Mr. Bhattacharya.
http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2015/02/06/india-economists-embarrassing-confession-they-dont-know-what-gdp-is/
All very nice, but perhaps it’s not the upward revision to the growth rate we should concentrate on.
For one, despite expectations of an increase in absolute GDP by up to 10 per cent, we got a verdict of “no change”. Colour those, like Mishra, who saw room for a serious upgrade, surprised. More on that below from Capital Economics but, for comparison, the past three series changes have coincided with upward revisions to the GDP, led mostly by services.
This time the services component of GDP was cut even as industry was boosted. As Mishra said on Monday, the change “does make GDP less lop-sided: industry is now 31% (from 25%), services 51% (57%)”, but:
All three industry components: mining, manufacturing and construction were raised. We expected this, and resulted from a larger data set (500,000 enterprises vs. 2500 earlier). For what it’s worth, in our view agriculture is still under- reported: as an example, in the new livestock census (that fed into this GDP), we had noticed the poultry population didn’t reflect the growth in chicken meat consumption and exports. Buffalo population was also incongruent with rising beef exports.
The biggest surprise though is on the cut to services GDP: the largest cut coming from trade and transport. This is a bit counter-intuitive as millions of new stores have sprouted up all over the country.
And here’s Capital Economics’ Shilan Shah with more of the confusing aspects of the revision:
1) What’s happened to nominal GDP? On the market price measure of GDP (which the Statistics Office has said it will now use instead of the factor price series) nominal GDP in FY13/14 was almost identical to what it was under the old methodology, while estimates for FY11/12 were revised lower. (See Chart 1.) We find this puzzling, as downward GDP revisions following rebasing exercises are unusual in emerging economies. Normally, rebasing uncovers new or under-measured sources of activity. It also seems an improbably coincidence that overall nominal GDP for the last fiscal year was the same even as weights of different components have shifted. (See Chart 2.) This would imply that the effect of giving more weight of faster growing sectors almost exactly offset the effect of giving less weight to slower growing ones.
2) What do the revised data mean for key macro indicators? Much of the comment has focussed on the fact that the revised data would imply a smaller current account deficit, and a healthier fiscal position. But given that nominal GDP has remained almost exactly the same, this isn’t the case.
3) What do the revisions tell us about growth in the current fiscal year? In short, not a lot. The revisions have yet to be applied to quarterly data from this fiscal year, meaning that the latest GDP numbers are redundant for now. We suspect that the most recent quarters will be revised on 9th February, when data for Q3 of FY14/15 are due.
4) Are the new GDP data consistent with other indicators? The revisions are difficult to square with other indicators pointing to continued slack in the economy. Even if we discard the industrial production data (which presumably now also need rebasing), soft survey data show that capacity utilisation is low. There is plenty of evidence in the hard data too. For example, vehicle sales contracted by nearly 7% in the last fiscal year. The revisions also jar with movements in the current account deficit, which narrowed sharply in FY13/14. Admittedly, this was in part due to the imposition of gold import restrictions as policymakers aimed to fend off a currency crisis. But imports more generally also fell sharply in this period, suggesting a cooling-off in domestic demand. It is extremely rare for an economy to record such as sharp pick-up in growth even as domestic demand slowed so dramatically.
http://ftalphaville.ft.com/2015/02/03/2108792/india-gdp-growth-rate-up-confidence-in-statistics-down/
Late last month, the statistics ministry said it was updating the base year used as the reference point for measuring price changes, as well as incorporating newer, more-comprehensive data into its GDP calculations, which aim to measure the country’s total economic output.
The ministry also shifted its focus to GDP computed at market price, not at factor cost, as its main indicator of economic expansion. Market-price GDP gauges activity by adding up consumers’ and firms’ spending, whereas factor-cost GDP tabulates producers’ costs.
The first growth estimates produced using the new methodology showed growth in the previous fiscal year, which ended last March, well above what was originally announced: 6.9% instead of 4.7%. The size of the economy, however, was relatively unchanged.
That revision seemed difficult to square with the events of that year, in which the threat of tighter monetary policy by the U.S. Federal Reserve roiled emerging markets and provoked emergency intervention by India’s central bank.
Monday’s data included bumped-up estimates of growth for the current fiscal year as well. Growth in the three months that ended in September was revised to 8.2% from the original estimate of 5.3%. And in the quarter before that, the official growth rate was changed to 6.5% from 5.7%, indicating substantial acceleration between those two quarters instead of a slight slowdown as previously estimated.
The latest figures, which describe the economy’s performance since Prime Minister Modi took office last spring, also seem much stronger than what other data imply. Mr. Modi has taken some steps to improve the business environment and streamline bureaucratic procedures. Indian companies announced $64 billion in new investment projects in the fourth quarter of 2014, by one estimate—the highest level in four years.
But they don’t appear to be putting big money on the table yet. Exports in December shrank 3.8% in dollar terms from a year earlier.
Financial constraints are a major reason investment hasn’t picked up. Corporations are burdened with debt and banks are reluctant to lend. Finance officials have said the government budget for the coming fiscal year, which will be unveiled at the end of this month, will likely include substantial investments in railways, roads and housing to compensate for weak investment by private firms.
Such indications of subdued activity have vexed economists trying to understand the new, peppier GDP figures. “We are still trying to connect the dots,” said Dharmakirti Joshi, chief economist at the Mumbai-based rating agency Crisil. He said that for him, the main difficulty for forecasting India’s future growth is that different indicators now paint divergent pictures of manufacturing activity.
For the previous fiscal year, the government’s index of industrial production showed manufacturing activity slowing by 0.8%. The new GDP data, meanwhile, show a 5.3% jump in manufacturing for that year. “There’s a big disconnect,” Mr. Joshi said.
http://www.wsj.com/articles/india-projects-7-4-gdp-growth-this-fiscal-year-1423485922
Pakistan's capital market regulator has published long-awaited rules for the issuance of sukuk, or Islamic bonds, as part of efforts to strengthen governance and broaden their appeal to investors.
The regulator first drafted the rules in October 2012, but efforts have accelerated under a five-year plan that authorities hope will double the industry's share of the banking sector to 20 percent by 2020.
The rules come at a time when issuance of corporate sukuk in Pakistan is gathering pace, helping broaden an Islamic capital market which in recent years has relied on the government for the bulk of such deals.
The current pipeline of sukuk includes utility K-Electric , which is planning a sukuk worth 22 billion rupees ($217 million), which would be Pakistan's largest corporate sukuk to date.
Pakistan Mobile Communications (Mobilink) and Bank Islami Pakistan also plan sukuk of their own.
Under the rules, sukuk will have to be structured to comply with standards of the Bahrain-based Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Finance Institutions (AAOIFI), as well as those set by the local regulator.
AAOIFI standards indicate how Islamic financial products should be structured; complying with the standards could increase the appeal of sukuk to investors by addressing consumer concerns about their religious authenticity.
The rules require issuers to conduct an annual audit to ensure the sukuk confirms to sharia requirements. Sukuk must also carry a credit rating not lower than triple BBB.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/10/pakistan-sukuk-rules-idUSL5N0VK00J20150210
The (Pakistan) government accepted on Monday it had missed economic growth target for this fiscal year because of the underperformance of agriculture and industrial sectors.
The economy grew at the rate of 4.24 per cent as against the projected target of 5.1pc for 2014-15. Last year the target was 4.4pc, but the growth rate was 4.03pc.
The matter was discussed in the meeting of the National Accounts Committee (NAC) held on Monday.
Out of 20 key growth indicators, the NAC documents showed only 10 were on target. In March 2015, the Asian Development Bank Outlook projected moderate growth in Pakistan at 4.2pc in FY15 and 4.5pc for FY16.
The ADB attributed the low growth to slow pace of reforms in energy, taxation and public sector enterprises.
The NAC cited minor crops, livestock, fishery, small-scale manufacturing, slaughtering, construction, general government services, finance and insurance as key drivers of growth in 2014-15.
The growth rate, however, is provisional as final numbers for full year will firm up later. The agriculture sector posted growth of 2.88pc against 3.3pc target in 2014-15. Last year the sector grew by 2.69pc. Major crops recorded a paltry growth of 0.28pc against the target of 1.5pc.
The worrisome factor is that yield of some crops posted negative growth. The wheat production was projected at 25.478 million tonnes for this year as against 25.979 million tonnes last year, a decline of 1.93pc.
The sugarcane yield declined by 7.13pc, maize by 5.04pc during this fiscal over the same period last year.
There is fear that low yield of minor crops could lead to higher food inflation. Livestock, the second largest sub-sector of agriculture, posted a growth of 4.12pc against the target of 3.8pc. The fishery sector expanded 5.75pc as against 0.98pc last year. And forestry exhibited a growth of 3.15pc against a negative growth of 6.74pc last year.
The industrial sector posted a growth of 3.62pc against the target of 6.8pc in 2014-15. Last year it grew by 4.45pc. Of these the mining and quarrying sector recorded a growth of 3.84pc against the target of 6.5pc. The manufacturing recorded a growth of 3.17pc down from 4.46pc last year. The projected target was 6.9pc.
The LSM posted a growth of 2.38pc against the target of 7pc, small-scale manufacturing 8.24pc against the target of 8.4pc and slaughtering 3.32pc against the target of 3.6pc.
The growth in construction sector was 7.05pc compared to 7.25pc last year. And supply of electricity, and gas also depicted a growth of 5pc against a negative growth of 26.38pc last year. The services sector grew at 4.95pc in 2014-15. Last year it grew by 4.37pc.
The major contributors were the general government services, which grew by 9.44pc, finance and insurance 6.18pc, housing services 4pc, transport 4.21pc and wholesale and retail trade 3.38pc this fiscal year over the last year.
http://www.dawn.com/news/1182817/farm-industry-pull-growth-down
#Pakistan Central Bank Unexpectedly Cuts Benchmark Rate to 42-Year Low
http://bloom.bg/1Ss0gTv via @business
Pakistan’s central bank unexpectedly cut its benchmark interest rate to the lowest in 42 years in an attempt to spur economic growth as inflation slows in the sixth-most populous nation.
The State Bank of Pakistan lowered the discount rate for a fourth straight meeting to 7 percent from 8 percent, central bank Governor Ashraf Mahmood Wathra said Saturday in Islamabad. That’s the lowest since August 1973. Fourteen of 15 economists in a Bloomberg survey predicted a cut to 7.5 percent; one saw a reduction to 7 percent.
Inflation in South Asia’s second-largest economy has eased each month this year as transport and food prices fell, giving the central bank room to boost growth that the International Monetary Fund predicts will be slower than previously forecast.
“They are maintaining the nation’s upward growth strategy” with this cut, Saad Khan, an economist with Karachi-based brokerage Arif Habib Ltd., said by phone. “This is super good news and will help equities rally.”
Pakistan’s benchmark stock index is the third-best performer in the world since 2009, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Textile shipments make up almost half of the exports in the fourth-largest cotton and rice producer.
Target Rate
The central bank announced a new target for the overnight repo rate at 50 basis points or half a percentage point below the benchmark to better manage liquidity in the interbank market as part of the IMF loan program.
The new rate is part of a band where the benchmark is the ceiling and repo is the floor. The floor rate has been set at 5 percent after reducing the band by 50 basis points, according to a bank statement on the website.
Saturday’s decision came after the IMF this month scaled back Pakistan’s growth forecast for the year through June to 4.1 percent from 4.3 percent and 4.5 percent from 4.7 percent for the following 12 months.
The country is still making “significant progress” in meeting targets under a $6.6 billion loan program and the next tranche of $506 million may be released by mid-June, IMF Pakistan mission chief Harald Finger said this month.
The latest rate reduction will probably be the last for several months as a rebound in oil costs will spark price pressures, economists said.
‘Inflationary Pressures’
“The decision has been taken to spur private-sector borrowing and encourage business activity,” Adeel Ahmed Khan, chief executive officer at BMA Asset Management Co. in Karachi, said before the announcement. “With global oil prices rising, I predict the government now will be faced with inflationary pressures that may force the central bank to hold rates.”
Inflation will average about 4.2 percent in 2015 before accelerating to 5.4 percent in 2016, according to a Bloomberg survey published in April. Consumer prices rose 2.11 percent in April, the slowest rate in Bloomberg data going back to 2009.
Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Service have raised their outlooks on Pakistan’s credit rating to positive from stable since March. The firms cited Pakistan’s improving financial position and growth prospects as Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif sells state assets and courts Chinese investment to help narrow the budget deficit.
Jaitley Hails #India's Tax-Free, Job-Rich Informal Economy Estimated At 40% of Official GDP #Modi #BJP http://bloom.bg/1KWhCk4 via @business
India’s underground economy is booming, and Finance Minister Arun Jaitley wants to keep it that way.
The informal sector is estimated at $780 billion, or about 40 percent of India’s official gross domestic product. It employs more than 90 percent of India’s workforce, according to the government.
“I’m a great supporter of this informal sector," Jaitley said in an interview on Monday. “The informal sector generates more jobs than the organized industry."
The approach goes against the advice of many economists, including those at the International Monetary Fund, which recommends widening the tax net to alleviate India’s chronic shortfalls in fiscal revenue. Indian governments often need to slash infrastructure spending to meet deficit targets that are still among Asia’s highest.
India ranks among the world’s top employers in the informal sector, according to the International Labour Organisation. It puts to work about 400 million people -- more than the entire U.S. population.
In India, it’s nearly impossible to avoid. Retail stores offer discounts for customers if they pay cash, and landlords often take a portion of the monthly rent in stacks of 1,000-rupee notes. Back-alley hawalas transfer billions of dollars around the globe with no questions asked, and thousands of unregistered and underpaid chauffeurs and housemaids don’t file annual income declarations.
“The black economy is growing faster than the white economy and everybody is involved -- the entire country," said Arun Kumar, author of “The Black Economy in India," who came up with the $780 billion estimate by looking at wages, under-the-table transactions and cash-based real estate sales. “This isn’t just a problem among the wealthy -- almost everyone with disposable income participates in the black economy and it’s accepted."
Total corporate and personal income tax payers in India amount to about 40 million -- roughly 3 percent of the country’s 1.2 billion people. To expand that, a Finance Ministry-created panel suggested putting levies on farmers in the untaxed rural sector who make more than 5 million rupees ($76,000) per year -- an approach backed by the IMF.
“We think there’s scope to bring the fiscal deficit down in particular with the revenue side," said Thomas Richardson, the resident representative of the IMF in India. “It’s really a task of widening the tax net -- not raising rates, but bringing more people into the tax net."
“Neo-Middle Class"
Jaitley, for one, rejects that idea. Most farmers don’t make much money anyway, he said, and the rest could use the extra cash.
“We need to strengthen the neo-middle class and put more money in their pockets," Jaitley said. “So bringing tax violators into the tax net, yes, but bringing people with marginal incomes into the tax net -- I’m not so excited about it at all."
Instead, Jaitley wants to finance them. This year the government started a program to boost lending to small entrepreneurs like shopkeepers, fruits and vegetable vendors and artisans. Government-run banks have so far disbursed nearly $6 billion in increments of as much as about $15,000.
Part of the problem is India’s strict labor laws for companies with more than 100 employees. They incentivize businesses to stay small, leaving workers with few rights. The government so far has tweaked only a few minor labor laws, and it’s unclear when they will push for more changes.
While Jaitley this year is again struggling to raise revenue, he’s confident he’ll hit his deficit target of 3.9 percent of GDP without slashing funds for roads, bridges and ports. Shortfalls in direct taxes and state assets sales will be compensated by higher-than-expected indirect taxes -- including payments on services and exports.
Over last two years: #Pakistan’s food, beverage exports to #UAE increase 27% http://tribune.com.pk/story/1046415/over-last-two-years-pakistans-food-beverage-exports-to-uae-increase-27/ …
Pakistan’s food and beverage exports to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have increased 27% in the last three years, making it an area worthy of attention after textiles, said the consul general of Pakistan in Dubai.
While rice remains the country’s top export commodity to the Emirates, the food segment remains a potential area as Pakistan continues its fight to increase foreign exchange revenue through exports.
“Pakistan’s food and agro-products exports touched $0.5 billion last year compared to 2012’s number of $362.4 million,” said Commercial Counsellor of Dubai Consulate Saeed Qadir, adding that Pakistan had boosted sale of its traditional agricultural products and expanded reach into areas such as processed meat and poultry products, tea, concentrated milk and cream, certain fruits and vegetables, spices, herbs and confectionaries.
Rice remains Pakistan’s leading food export to the UAE. According to TDAP figures, Pakistan’s rice sales jumped 11 fold to $207.8 million compared to the last two years. Meat and processed frozen food exports crossed the $100 million mark in the last three years.
As for fruits and vegetables, exports increased over 100% in three years. Sales of dried fruits and vegetables to the UAE rose to $9.7 million and $7.8 million, respectively. Exports of potatoes reached $5.9 million last year – an eight-fold increase compared to the 2012 figures, while fresh and frozen meat exports crossed the $50 million mark.
“Moreover, for this sector, there awaits a major export push as more than 90 Pakistani companies are taking part in the Gulfood 2016; the world’s largest annual food and hospitality trade platform, scheduled in Dubai later this month,” said the CG.
“In this exhibition, Pakistani exhibitors will be looking to source new buyers for a wide range of Pakistani food and agro sector products including fresh and frozen foods, rice, fruits and vegetables, sauces, nuts, sweets, confectionery and tea,” said Consulate General of Pakistan, Dubai Consul General Javed Jalil Khattak.
“Buyers can leverage Pakistan’s cost-competitiveness, lower transport costs and delivery time, and the quality, freshness, taste and aroma of our diverse produce”, he added.
The Pakistan pavilion at Gulfood 2016 will feature among 117 national and trade association pavilions. There will also be a first-time group participation from Russia, Costa Rica, Belarus, Mauritius and New Zealand (returning after a six-year break). In all, some 5,000 international companies from 120 countries and more than 85,000 food and beverage, wholesale, retail, distribution and hospitality professionals from five continents will take part in the event.
Data released by global macroeconomic research firm, BMI International, shows that Pakistan remains a buoyant market for consumer sales and food and beverage investment. The firm is forecasting a 9.9% per capita compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in food consumption until 2019, a 3.2% per capita CAGR growth in domestic soft drinks sales and 9.5% per capital CAGR in mass grocery retail sales.
“There are enormous business opportunities emerging in Pakistan for both food and beverage imports and exports, as evident by the recent international investment in manufacturing plants in Karachi, Multan and Islamabad,” explained the Exhibitions and Events Management Dubai World Trade Centre Senior Vice President Trixie Lohmirmand.
#India's cash economy - Why #Modi wiped out 86% of its cash overnight? #DeMonetisation #corruption
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37974423
India is in the middle of an extraordinary economic experiment.
On 8 November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi gave only four hours' notice that virtually all the cash in the world's seventh-largest economy would be effectively worthless.
The Indian government likes to use the technical term "demonetisation" to describe the move, which makes it sound rather dull. It isn't. This is the economic equivalent of "shock and awe".
Do not believe reports that this is primarily about bribery or terror financing, the real target is tax evasion and the policy is very daring indeed.
You can see the effects outside every bank in the country. I am in Tamil Nadu in the south of India and here, as in every other state in the country, queues of people clutching wads of currency stretch halfway down the street.
Mr Modi's "shock and awe" declaration meant that 1,000 and 500 rupee notes would no longer be valid.
These may be the largest denomination Indian notes but they are not high value by international standards - 1,000 rupees is only £12. But together the two notes represent 86% of the currency in circulation.
Think of that, at a stroke 86% of the cash in India now cannot be used.
What is more, India is overwhelmingly a cash economy, with 90% of all transactions taking place that way.
And that is the target of Mr Modi's dramatic move. Because so much business is done in cash, very few people pay tax on the money they earn.
According to figures published by the government earlier this year, in 2013 only 1% of the population paid any income tax at all.
As a result huge numbers of Indians have stashes of tax-free cash hidden away - known here as "black money".
Even the very poorest Indians have some cash savings - maybe just a few thousand rupees stored away for a daughter's wedding, the kids' school fees or - heaven forbid - an illness in the family.
But lots of Indians have much more than that.
It is not unusual for half the value of a property transaction to be paid in cash, with buyers turning up with suitcases full of 1,000 rupee notes.
The size of this shadow economy is reckoned to be as much as 20% of India's entire GDP.
Mr Modi's demonetisation is designed to drive black money out of the shadows.
At the moment you can exchange up to 4,000 (£48) of the old rupees every day in cash for new 500 (£6) and 2,000 (£24) rupee notes.
There is no limit to the amount that can be deposited in bank accounts until the end of December, but the government has warned that the tax authorities will be investigating any deposits above 250,000 rupees (£2,962).
Breach that limit and you will be asked to prove that you have paid tax. If you cannot, you will be charged the full amount owed, plus a fine of 200% of the tax owed. For many people that could amount to be pretty much the full value of their hidden cash.
This is brave politics. Some of the hardest hit will be the small business people and traders who are Mr Modi's core constituency. They voted for him because they believed he was the best bet to grow the economy and improve their lot. They will not be happy if he destroys their savings.
#Tesco tests waters in #Pakistan with Alpha #Supermarkets tie-up. Plans 50+ stores http://reut.rs/2lVvXc9 via @Reuters
Britain's biggest retailer Tesco (TSCO.L) will stock its products at a Pakistani supermarket chain, a Tesco official said on Thursday, dipping its toes in a country of nearly 200 million with rising consumer spending and a growing middle class.
Tesco has been expanding rapidly in emerging markets to bolster sluggish growth in western Europe and is among a growing band of companies attracted by Pakistan's fast-growing consumer market, encouraged by the highest economic growth since 2008 and improved security.
"We have agreed on a wholesale partnership with Alpha Supermarkets in Pakistan, under which Tesco products will be stocked at two of its stores," Jared Lebel, head of new market development at Tesco, told Reuters.
He said that Limestone Private Limited, which owns the Alpha Superstores chain, planned to open 50 smaller express stores and four Alpha stores stocking Tesco products within the next three years.
"We are excited about Pakistan as a market," Lebel said. "A big factor in coming to Pakistan is rising consumer spending."
A spokesman for Tesco in London said: "We're looking forward to seeing how customers respond."
Fauzia Khuhro, head of business development at Limestone, told Reuters that Tesco products would hit its shelves in about 10 days.
"Alpha Supermarkets will be the only retailer in Pakistan that stocks Tesco private-label products," Khuhro said. "We will offer a complete range of Tesco product categories, from food and non-food items to frozen and fresh foods."
Tesco's partnership with Alpha Supermarkets was announced by British High Commissioner Thomas Drew and Limestone at a press briefing in Karachi on Tuesday.
From being world leader in surveys, #India is now facing a serious #data problem: NSS #GDP estimate half of CSO's
http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/from-being-world-leader-in-surveys-india-is-now-facing-a-serious-data-problem/
The National Sample Survey (NSS), when launched by the NSSO in 1949, was the most ambitious household survey in the world, covering over 1,800 villages and over 100,000 households across India. The methods used by the NSS became the standard for household surveys the world over.
For example, the use of inter-penetrating samples — essentially, two independent samples drawn from the same population — to test the reliability of the survey results, was developed by Mahalanobis in a 1936 paper and remains a standard tool for survey design. The Living Standard Measurement Surveys the World Bank still carries out in many countries are a direct descendent of the NSS.
We quibble about whether growth was 7.1% or 7.4%, ignoring the fact that our two main sources of official consumption data, the NSS and the GDP data produced by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), now tell entirely different stories.
If you believe the NSS, GDP could be just about half of what it is according to the CSO. There are occasional academic debates about which one is correct, which no one in power pays any attention to. And yet, it is almost surely true that both estimates (and their growth rates) are off by a huge margin. More worrying, this divergence has been known for nearly 50 years (though it has grown a lot).
And though we are occasionally told that the NSS is understaffed, or that no one knows where the CSO got a particular number, there is absolutely no political interest in improving things. From being the world leader in surveys, we are now one of the countries with a serious data problem while people talk about the really good data you can get in Indonesia or Brazil or even Pakistan.
5 Most Profitable Business Sectors in Pakistan:
https://www.researchsnipers.com/5-profitable-business-sectors-pakistan/
Pakistan business sector is growing fast, a country with 193.2 million estimated population in 2016 has shown strong growth in the past five years which is expected to grow further. A study published by Harvard indicates that Pakistan’s economic growth will surpass China’s in the next 20 years, growth statistics and current development in the country including China Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC attracts more businesses to invest in Pakistan from across the globe. Recently, France, United Kingdom, Turkey and China has shown special interest to start bilateral trade with Pakistan and private sector companies from these countries are also leapfrogging to make considerable investments in Pakistan.
Despite, these are many sectors in Pakistan that are underdeveloped but these five sectors including; FMCG, Chemicals and Fertilizers, Automotive, Textile and Energy/Petroleum are the most growing and profitable in Pakistan.
The data acquired from Karachi Stock Exchange KSE from 2013 to 2017 indicates that top companies who performed well are from the above five sectors. The companies witnessed strong growth and profitability over the four years.
1 FMCG
FMCG is the most lucrative and huge business sector in Pakistan, companies that are consistently growing and becoming more profitable includes; Colgate Palmolive, Unilever, Nestle and Engro Foods. The market is huge and still in growing stage whereas industry has few multinational players covering the whole market.
2 Chemicals and Fertilizers
“Chemicals and fertilizers” is another big sector which caters even bigger market, companies like ICI Pakistan, Fauji Fertilizer, Engro Fertilizers and Chemicals, Abbot, Lucky Cement and some other are dominating the market with strong growth over time and profitability.
3 Automotive
The automotive industry in Pakistan forms oligopoly, global players like Toyota, Honda and Suzuki dominates the market. However, Pakistan has allowed other automakers to setup car assembly plants in Pakistan, increasing disposable income and the transport needs in the country make the market more attractive, potential and profitable.
4 Textile
Pakistan’s textile industry is popular in all over the world; however, due to lesser facilities and government support Pakistan is not able to streamline its textile growth but the textile industry accounts for 57% of the country overall exports. There are several companies in this sector including Premium Textile and Din Textile that are quite lucrative.
5 Energy/Petroleum
Where there are people there is a need for energy in all segments of life whether you are at home, traveling, working, playing and having leisure energy and petroleum products are inevitable, Pakistan’s energy and petroleum needs are growing rapidly, it is estimated that Pakistan’s energy needs will surpass 50,000 MW by 2025. Petroleum and energy sector in Pakistan is expected to grow further and become more profitable in the future.
Unilever announces fresh $120 million investment in Pakistan
https://tribune.com.pk/story/1664314/2-unilever-announces-fresh-120-million-investment-pakistan/
Pakistan’s fast-moving consumer goods segment is set to see fresh investment after Unilever Plc – a Dutch consumer goods giant – announced foreign direct investment (FDI) of $120 million (Rs11 billion) for expansion of its operations in the country over the next two years.
The announcement comes as a welcome sign for Pakistan that has suffered from low levels of FDI in recent years.
“A majority of the investment will be made to enhance manufacturing operations across Unilever’s four factories in Pakistan over the next two years,” a statement quoted the company as saying on Monday.
The company manufactures about 30 brands in the areas of home care, personal care, foods, beverages and ice cream in Pakistan.
“Unilever is aiming to make it (Unilever Pakistan) a billion-euro firm next year (by December 2019) from 800-810 million euros (in revenues) at present,” company’s Senior Manager Corporate Affairs Hussain Ali Talib told The Express Tribune.
“In 2013, Unilever Overseas Holdings, which is a majority shareholder in Unilever Pakistan Limited, invested over €400 million ($530 million) in Pakistan, which is the single largest foreign direct investment in the recent history of Pakistan,” the statement said.
It called Unilever’s operations in Pakistan amongst the best performing business units within Unilever’s global operations. “The new investment reaffirmed Unilever’s strong commitment to local operations and to Pakistan’s economic potential,” it said.
The announcement about the investment was made by a delegation of Unilever Pakistan in a meeting with Adviser to the Prime Minister on Finance Miftah Ismail.
“The investment is indeed an acknowledgement of the country’s growth potential and the macroeconomic stability it has gained over the last four years,” the statement quoted Ismail as saying.
The planned investment supports Pakistan’s narration of being a growing economy with over 70 million middle-class population out of a total of over 200 million.
Pakistan has been on the radar of foreign investors over the past couple of years. FDI increased 15.6% to $1.94 billion in the first eight months (July 2017 to February 2018) of the current fiscal year from $1.68 billion in the same period of previous year, according to the State Bank of Pakistan.
Overseas Investors Chamber of Commerce and Industry Secretary General M Abdul Aleem recently said many European investors in the auto, infrastructure and liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminal sectors would make major investment decisions for Pakistan in the near future.
Some of them were waiting for regulatory approvals to initiate the investment process in Pakistan, he said.
Stability in Pakistan integral to China’s development, reiterates Chineseambassador
“Pakistan carries a huge potential to grow. Investment climate will be much better in the post-election period,” he emphasised, adding “FDI may total around $3 billion this fiscal year.”
In the previous fiscal year 2016-17, the country had received $2.73 billion in FDI.
Unilever Pakistan CEO Shazia Syed said “we have been part of Pakistan’s growth for nearly 70 years, during which time we have seen our business grow to over 30 brands…we take pride that over 95% of our brands are produced locally, creating employment for thousands, contributing to the exchequer and simultaneously creating a better future every day for the people of Pakistan.”
Printing Industry Highlights
The global market for printing is forecast to US$ 898 billion.
Asia contributes 39% which is estimated at US$ 350 billion.
Pakistan’s estimated Print Market is around US$ 4.5 billion.
(Paper & Board US$ 2.75bn, Flexible US$ 1.5bn and Machineries & Others US$ 0.25bn)
Printing & Graphic Art Industry caters to & serves diverse sectors :
Advertising
FMCG
Financial Sector Education
Textile
Automobile
Pharmaceutical, Food & etc.
In Pakistan, PAPGAI is the only representative body and is registered with Ministry of Trade & Commerce and incorporated with Security Exchange Commission of Pakistan.
http://www.printpakexpo.com/why-printpakexpo.php
Pakistan has changed a lot since the last time the GDP was rebased. There are many new sectors and categories of products such as fmcg and services like data services being offered to meet the demand of the growing middle class. These products and services are currently left out of the official GDP calculation. Just rebasing the GDP to 2015 will result in significant upward revision.
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