Rising Incomes and Meat Consumption:
Pakistan's per capita meat consumption has nearly tripled from 11.7 kg in 2000 to 32 kg in 2016. It is projected to rise to 47 kg by 2020, according to a paper published by the United States National Library of Medicines at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Organization for Economic Development (OECD) explains that meat demand increases with higher incomes and a shift - often due to growing urbanization - to food preferences that favor increased proteins from animal sources in diets.
 |
| Meat Production in Pakistan. Source: FAO |
The NIH paper authors Mohammad Shoaib and Faraz Jamil point out that Pakistan's meat consumption of 32 Kg per person is only a third of the meat capita meat consumption in rich countries like Australia and the United States.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and Nature magazine reports that Pakistanis are among the most carnivorous people in the world. After studying the eating habits of 176 countries, the authors found that average human being is at 2.21 trophic level. It put Pakistanis at 2.4, the same trophic level as Europeans and Americans. China and India are at 2.1 and 2.2 respectively.
Increasing Meat Exports:
Pakistan's meat exports are growing about 30% a year, up from $29 million in 2005 to $243.5 million in 2015, according to report in Globalmeatnews.com.
 |
| Pakistan Meat Exports. Source: Express Tribune |
Rapid growth in meat production and exports is supported by an ongoing livestock revolution in the country. The Pakistani livestock sector now contributes about 56.3% of the value of agriculture and nearly 11% to the overall gross domestic product. Milk is the single most important commodity in this sector.
Future Growth:
“In the next three to five years, livestock sector should grow 4-5% per annum and its contribution to GDP looks set to remain in double digits”, says a senior official of the Ministry of National Food Security and Research according to Dawn newspaper. In FY16, livestock growth was 3.6% and its 11.6% contribution to GDP value-addition.
Downside:
While the global meat industry provides food and a livelihood for billions of people, it also has significant environmental and health consequences for the planet. The key is moderation in meat consumption to maintain good health and protect the environment.
Summary:
Pakistan's per capita meat consumption has nearly tripled since 2000. It has grown with higher per capita incomes and increasing urbanization. Meat exports are also accelerating at a rate of 30% a year. Meat consumption and exports are supported by an ongoing livestock revolution in the country. The Pakistani livestock sector now contributes about 56.3% of the value of agriculture and nearly 11% to the country's overall gross domestic product. Milk is the single most important commodity in this sector.
Related Links:
Haq's Musings
Meat and Dairy Revolution in Pakistan
Pakistanis Are Among the Most Carnivorous
Eid ul Azha: Multi-Billion Dollar Urban-to-Rural Transfer
Pakistan's Rural Economy
Pakistan Leads South Asia in Agriculture Value Addition
Median Incomes in India and Pakistan
China and India are at 2.1 and 2.2 respectively. And Pakistan is at 2.4. Doubt if this is right. Believe me, I am a regular visitor to China. India and China cannot be so close together.
ReplyDeleteIn the US meat consumption is declining in favor of more fish. Wonder if Pakistan is going in the wrong direction healthwise?
ReplyDelete#India’s traditional medicine #Ayurveda prescribes #beef for several disorders. #Hindutva #BJP #AyurvedaDay #Modi
ReplyDeletehttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ayurveda-prescribes-beef-for-several-disorders-Scientist/articleshow/49743126.cms
Ancient Indian scriptures imposed no bar on eating beef and, in fact, ayurvedic Acharya Charaka had recommended beef for some disorders, said veteran scientist P M Bhargava in his letter to President Pranab Mukherjee marking his returning the Padma Bhushan.
TOI on October 29 first reported the decision of Bhargava, 87, the founder director of Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, to return the award he got in 1986, as a mark of protest against rising intolerance in the country.
Quoting Charaka Samhita, Bharagava said: "The flesh of the cow is beneficial for those suffering from the loss of flesh due to disorders caused by an excess of vayu, rhinitis, irregular fever, dry cough, fatigue, and also in cases of excessive appetite resulting from hard manual labour."
Bhargava said the lynching of Mohamed Akhlaq in Dadri "probably by fringe elements related to BJP" showed "the control that BJP wants to have on what we may eat ... just as it wants to control what we may wear, or whom we may love, or what we may read."
He called the Modi government "the least knowledgeable" about science. "I am a professional scientist with an experience of 65 years. I have also had the occasion of interacting on matters of science with the governments at the Centre since Independence. I find the present government the least knowledgeable and least concerned about science. The climate of religious conservatism that we have today is a major obstacle in the functioning of science and thus in meeting developmental objectives.
Bhargava was among the second batch of more than 100 scientists to sign an online petition last month against the "rejection of reason' that led to the assassinations of scholar M M Kalburgi, rationalist Narendra Dabhoklar and communist Govind Pansare.
In his letter to the President dated November 6, made available to TOI, the scientist named BJP and RSS behind the climate of intolerance. "No one would be more aware than you that, de facto, BJP is the political front of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), and functions under the leadership of RSS that is fully committed to the ideology of Hindutva, which I find divisive, unreasonable and unscientific," he said.
Noting that according to the Constitution, one of the duties of our citizens is to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform, the letter said: "Steeped in superstition, unreason and irrationality, much of what RSS and BJP do goes against the grain of scientific temper. An example would be the recent statement of Shri Mohan Bhagwat who heads the RSS that marriage is a contract according to which the woman is supposed to be only a housewife and not work outside."
Bhargava said the Padma Bhushan had been very dear to him. "My returning it to you, for whom I have much respect and admiration, is an expression of my concern at the currently prevailing socio-politico situation in the country."
Pakistan launches its biggest halal plant
ReplyDelete01-Jun-2016 By Shahid Husain, in Karachi
Pakistan’s largest conglomerate, the Fauji Group, has launched the country’s biggest halal abattoir, meat processing and exporting unit near Port Qasim, Karachi.
HTTPS://WWW.GLOBALMEATNEWS.COM/ARTICLE/2016/06/01/PAKISTAN-LAUNCHES-ITS-BIGGEST-HALAL-PLANT
Fauji Meat — a subsidiary of Fauji Fertiliser that commenced operations in April 2015 — and Al-Shaheer Corporation, an old meat exporting company, are doing big business in meat marketing at home and abroad.
Both companies have their own large animal breeding farms to ensure uninterrupted supply of healthy animals for regular slaughtering.
Exports of meat and meat preparations have grown rapidly — from 72$m in FY09 to $269m in FY16 though a decline has set in during the first seven months of FY17, due to a growing consumption in local markets and smuggling of live animals to neighbouring countries.
Marketing infrastructure of dairy and meat products has also seen a big improvement over the years. Large milk processing companies are successfully operating hundreds of milk collection centres in the country. Small dairy farmers also have more access to better ways of dairy farming and marketing now than in the past, thanks to targeted public-private partnership programme.
In January this year, dairy farmers in Punjab celebrated successful completion of a five-year $21m project of sustainable dairy development. Through a partnership with the Punjab government and Nestle Pakistan, the project improved the lives of over 50,000 small dairy farmers through its skills-based training programmes, resulting in a 17pc increase in the average milk yield and an over 10pc boost in farmers’ incomes, according to media report.
The project generated income for small farmers and created jobs for rural men and women. The project also upgraded 118 farms, now serving as training hubs for small dairy farmers.
It also helped install a pilot 50 cubic metre biogas plant for a dairy cooperative milk chiller in Vehari and constructed a 375 cubic metre biogas plant at the government-owned Bahadurnagar Farm in Okara.
https://www.dawn.com/news/1318665
51% women in #India,most in world, anemic,followed by #China, #Pakistan, #Nigeria and #Indonesia. http://toi.in/X4DwiY/a24gk via @timesofindia
ReplyDeleteWomen's health in India is facing a serious nutritional challenge, with the country on the one hand grappling with the largest number of anaemic women in the world and on the other having to deal with diseases linked to obesity which is rapidly increasing among the fairer sex.
Findings of the new Global Nutrition Report 2017 place India at the bottom of the table with maximum number of women impacted with anaemia in the world, followed by China, Pakistan, Nigeria and Indonesia. In India, more than half (51%) of all women of reproductive age have anaemia, whereas more than one in five (22%) of adult women are overweight, according to the data.
The report analysed the situation in 140 countries against targets set in May last year at the World Health Assembly (WHA) held in Geneva.
Experts say that while the government has started to recognise the problem of anaemia and under-nutrition in women, India has made no progress in addressing it as there are too many gaps. The report highlights that the country presents worse outcomes in the percentage of reproductive-age women with anaemia, and is off course in terms of reaching targets for reducing adult obesity and diabetes.
In 2016, the report showed that nearly 48% of women in India were anaemic.
India's government is recognizing that the country cannot afford inaction on nutrition but the road ahead is going to be long. The Global Nutrition Report highlights that the double burden of undernutrition and obesity needs to be tackled as part of India's national nutrition strategy. For undernutrition, especially, major efforts are needed to close the inequality gap" said Purnima Menon, senior research fellow in the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)'s South Asia Office in New Delhi.
The ever-changing food consumer
ReplyDeletehttps://www.dawn.com/news/1390287
THE way we eat is under constant evolution. Food is no longer the tedious, labour-intensive affair of yesteryear in urban households. Ready-to-cook, store-bought items are steadily making their way onto our plates.
The rising Pakistani urban middle-class and growing disposable incomes are accountable for this shift in dietary patterns.
The Household Integrated Survey for 2015-16, conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, reveals that the average monthly income of urban households rose from Rs38,923 previously to Rs45,283. It also shows that an average urban family spends around Rs15,000 monthly on food, of which readymade food contributes nearly five per cent.
The lure of convenience when it comes to food is hard to resist for consumers as cityscapes in the country become increasingly peppered with supermarkets. “More and more middle-, upper-middle and upper-class consumers in urban areas are choosing to visit modern retailers, in particular for a new experience and for the bulk shopping of packaged food products,” according to Euromonitor International, a market research firm.
Unsurprisingly, middle-class consumers “tend to consume far more meat, fish and dairy products”, according to a Deloitte report on the food value chain. With the surge of the processed food industry, small- and medium-sized companies such as K&N’s, Dawn, Menu, PK Livestock, and Big Bird have now become household names.
Report finds sharp decline in Pakistan’s pulse consumption
ReplyDeletehttps://www.dawn.com/news/1400488
The consumption of pulses in Pakistan has sharply declined from about 15kg per person a year to about 7kg per person a year, found a new report of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations.
The report titled ‘State of Food and Agriculture in Asia and the Pacific Region’, reviewed pulse consumption in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh over the period from 1961 to 2013. It has been prepared for the FAO regional conference for Asia and the Pacific being held in Fiji on April 9-13.
The report found that as countries became richer, populations were shifting from vegetable proteins — such as those found in pulses and beans — to more expensive animal source proteins such as those found in dairy products and meat.
In India, during this period, the consumption of pulse declined from about 22kg per person in a year to about 15kg per person per year. The decline was consistent with trends elsewhere in the world. In Sri Lanka, however, pulse consumption seemed to have fluctuated between 5kg and 10kg per person per year since 1960, except for a sharp drop from 1970 to 1985, the report said.
Pointing out challenges, it emphasised that the relative neglect of pulses, beans and other crops in agricultural policies in the region should be reversed so that the poor had relatively low-cost sources of protein and other micronutrients.
The report pointed out that although overall cereal consumption per capita either declined or remained constant, within the cereal group itself there were important changes. Utilisation of rice and wheat for food increased — in some cases sharply — while total food utilisation of coarse cereals, which had been relatively important in the 1960s, either declined or remained steady, implying a fall in per capita consumption since the population was increasing.
Citing example, the report said in East Asia rice and wheat utilisation for food was about 220 million tonnes per year in 2015, versus 20m tonnes per year for coarse cereals.
Total utilisation of ‘superior’ cereals was still rising in 2013 mainly because of continuing population growth, even though per capita utilisation had started declining from the mid-1990s onwards, it added.
The report put four South Asian countries — Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka — below the red line, indicating that their calorie consumption was below the level that would be expected given their per capita household expenditure.
FAO Report for Asia Pacific Region 2017:
ReplyDeleteAsia and
the Pacific
REGIONAL
OVERVIEW OF
FOOD SECURITY
AND NUTRITION
In 2011-2013, only two (Mongolia and Pakistan) of the 26 countries had average intake of milk of 370 g/day or over.
---------------
In Pakistan,
the Credit Guarantee Scheme for Small and Marginalized
Farmers became operational in 2016, encouraging banks
to grant credit to small-scale farmers who previously lacked
access. Under the scheme, the government guarantees up
to 50 percent of loans to small farmers (i.e. those with less
than 5 acres of irrigated and 10 acres of non-irrigated land).
----------------------
In South Asia, production outcomes improved for some
countries. Pakistan had a bumper wheat harvest in 2016
and other crops also performed well due to favourable
weather. In India as well, cereal production recovered
markedly after two consecutive bad seasons. In some other
cases in South Asia – e.g. Sri Lanka – governments managed
to maintain aggregate food supply either through imports
or by drawing down stocks where available despite declines
in cereal production.
-----------
http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7930e.pdf
How big is Pakistan’s meat trade and who’s buying its exports?
ReplyDeletehttps://www.salaamgateway.com/en/story/correctionhow_big_is_pakistans_meat_trade_and_whos_buying_its_exports-SALAAM11092017080303/
*Corrects percentage of Pakistan's 10 biggest meat and edible meat offal (MEMO) export buyers to their overall MEMO imports in 2016, from 2.67 percent of $9.258 billion to 2.58 percent, which is equivalent to $238.99 million
Pakistan’s government is exploring new markets for export of meat and dairy products with a focus on the halal trade, according to local press reports.
How big is Pakistan’s meat and dairy trade now and where are its exports going?
EXPORTS
According to ITC Trade Map data, in 2016, Pakistan exported $313.538 million in three categories: 1. Meat and edible meat offal (internal organs) ($239.74 million), 2. Dairy produce; birds’ eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin ($67.471 million), and 3. Live animals ($6.327 million).
These three categories account for 1.53 percent of Pakistan’s $20.5 billion exports of all products to the world in 2016.
Meat and edible meat offal (MEMO) is the biggest of the three categories, accounting for 76.5 percent of the three’s exports.
Pakistan’s biggest export is textiles and textile articles, which brought in $9.481 billion in nine months from November 2016 to July 2017, according to most recent data from the State Bank of Pakistan.
BIGGEST MEMO BUYERS
Pakistan exported $238.99 million, or 99.69 percent, of all its MEMO in 2016 to 10 countries: UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Vietnam, Bahrain, Oman, Afghanistan, Qatar, Thailand, and Malaysia.
However, Pakistan is a small MEMO export player. Its 10 biggest MEMO export markets imported a total of $9.258 billion of MEMO in 2016, out of which only 2.58 percent came from Pakistan.
BEEF, MOSTLY
Fresh or chilled beef is Pakistan’s biggest MEMO export, making up 56.86 percent, or $136.319 million, of its MEMO exports in 2016. This is followed by $44.726 million of chilled or frozen meat of sheep or goats, and $31.554 million of frozen meat of bovines.
Only around $3.06 million, or 1.28 percent, of Pakistan’s MEMO exports are poultry-based.
The nation hopes to change this by targeting an increase in poultry-based MEMO sales to UAE, its biggest MEMO export market, after the GCC country lifted its ban on Pakistan’s poultry and its products in February this year. UAE imposed the ban in 2006 after an outbreak of avian influenza in Pakistan.
UAE imported an estimated $725.247 million of poultry products in 2016, 66.2 percent, or $480.224 million, of which came from Brazil.
Dressing (Preferred meat) vs Offal (Orhan meats etc) percentages in a study in Peshawar Pakistan
ReplyDeleteData on age wise proportion of cattle slaughtered at Peshawar suggested that largest counts (24.35 %) ofcattle were slaughtered at the age of 41- 50 months followed by 21-30 and 51- 60 months age groups (Table I).Animals of age 41-50 months were higher in slaughter proportion and most within this group were females. Lowermilk yield during their first lactation might be a cause for their removal from the herd and sale to butchers. Animalsolder than 61 months age group showed the lowest proportion, because older meat is not preferred by consumers inPeshawar. They mostly prefer meat from animals aged 21-50 months.
Dressing percentage data of the above mention breeds of animals showed that Dajal male gave the highest value (55.7%) followed by non- descript males (54.0%) and Lohanni males (53.6%) (Table II). Mekasha et al.,(2011) studies the African zebu cattle Ogaden bull and reported that dressing percentage was 54.7. Jabbar et al.,(2009) obtained a similar trend in their studies. According to their study the Dajal breed cattle showed highest (5 8.0)dressing percentage. The higher DP value of the Dajal in their study was probably because animals were fed for 92days on mixed concentrate diet and especially reared for body weight gain, whereas, the in present study animal
DRESSING PERCENTAGE AND OFFAL PRODUCTION... (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273724540_DRESSING_PERCENTAGE_AND_OFFAL_PRODUCTION_OF_VARIOUS_BREEDS_OF_ZEBU_CATTLE_SLAUGHTERED_AT_THE_PESHAWAR_ABATTOIR [accessed Apr 21 2018].
India ranks 43rd in the global ranking in average per capita tea consumption with 0.73 kg compared with 7.54 kgs in Turkey, 4.34 kgs in Morocco, 2.74 kgs in United Kingdom and 1.01 kgs in Pakistan.
ReplyDeletehttps://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/tea-board-on-promotional-drive-to-increase-per-capita-tea-consumption-116073000191_1.html
Per capita consumption of tea
Country Quantity (Per KG)
Turkey 7.54
Morocco 4.34
Ireland 3.22
United Kingdom 2.74
UAE 1.89
Kuwait 1.61
Russia 1.21
Iran 1.07
Pakistan 1.01
India 0.73
Source: Industry, Wikipedia
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A massive increase of 35.8 per cent in per capita consumption of tea in Pakistan has been recorded from 2007 to 2016.
According to the current market situation and medium-term outlook, published by the Food and Agriculture (FAO) of the United Nations, Pakistan is among the seven countries where per capita consumption of tea has been increased.
The highest increase was seen in Malawi with 565.2pc, followed by China 128.6pc, Rwanda 110.2pc, Turkey 25.9pc, Indonesia 26.6pc and Libya 39.8pc.
Currently, black tea consumption in Pakistan has been estimated at 1,72,911 tonnes which is expected to increase to 2,50,755 tonnes in 2027, the FAO report projects. This showed in next 10 years, tea consumption will increase by 77,844 tonnes.
https://www.dawn.com/news/1415762
Why #Pakistan PM #ImranKhan’s #chicken and #eggs solution has been mocked for all the wrong reasons. As opposed to a #cash handout (Benazir Income Support) , chickens are an #investment. Such investments help empower women and reduce #poverty https://www.dawn.com/news/1449622
ReplyDeleteby Myrah Nerine Butt
I will start by comparing the cash handout with the chickens handout to poor rural women and why chickens might work better given the household dynamics in place.
Also read: Restricting non-filers from buying cars and property isn't sound policy. It's only good optics
Firstly, one is a cash transfer while the other can be termed as an asset transfer. Money is more fungible than chickens. While money can be controlled by the men of the household and spent on non-productive or non-household activities, it is likely that chickens would remain in the hands of the women.
Typically, the men tend to goats, cows and buffaloes; there is a masculine connotation attached to tending to superior forms of livestock.
Because chickens are culturally seen as inferior forms of livestock, women are likely to retain control of these assets.
This is likely to increase the role of women in household decision-making: they control the chickens so they may decide on how to divide the eggs in the house or where to spend the resulting income.
***
As opposed to a cash handout, chickens are an investment. They require low capital and the turnover is high.
They can also potentially help households climb out of poverty. However, the return on investment argument can be slightly confusing.
The remarkable high returns on investment are linked to commercial poultry farming; there are economies of scale on large chicken farms.
Rural households cannot tap into these massive economies of scale.
So, while rural households might not be able to capture the economies of scale, the eggs would still initially support subsistence of households and provide a steady basic income once the brood of chickens multiplies.
The idea of handing out chickens instead of cash is largely appealing because there is some evidence of its effectiveness in South Asia.
In addition to supplementing household income and providing subsistence, research shows that increased capacity gained by women and children through village poultry projects have impacts well beyond the improved village poultry production: chickens have increased food security and improved nutrition.
Related: I'm glad Imran Khan has highlighted stunting. But there is more to it than clean water and food
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The chicken intervention can and should be one of a number of poverty alleviation interventions, not a comprehensive solution. We cannot put all our eggs in one basket at the end of the day.
My fear, therefore, is that the intervention is top-down instead of being bottom-up. While global research and evidence is important, we need to ask ourselves: would it work in our context?
I am curious to find out whether a needs assessment has been conducted. Have the beneficiary women been consulted? Do they want chickens or are we going to force an additional burden on them? What kind of chickens work best in the local context?
For any intervention, the local communities need to be consulted right from the design stage. The intervention should be context-specific and bottom-up rather than top-down.
My key suggestion is to ignore the politicians sitting in the centre. They don’t need chickens like the rural woman might, but ask her before investing money first.
There is a need to step away from mocking PTI’s move to push forth this intervention. The decision is based on international research rather than a complete blind jump.
Let’s try giving the chickens a chance.
FAST FOOD AND MEAT INDUSTRY
ReplyDeletehttps://dailytimes.com.pk/374836/fast-food-and-meat-industry/
The fast-food industry is playing a vital role in flourishing the economy of Pakistan.
The fast-food industry is recognized as the 2nd largest in Pakistan and 8th largest globally. In today’s era life has become very fast, the reason behind the consumption of excessive fast food is busy work schedules and lack of time to cook at home. The fast food contains extra salts, fats, and calories which when consumed on a daily basis can lead to obesity and other conditions. Obesity is nowadays a common occurrence, with teenagers being affected the most since fast food has become their preferred choice. Research shows that adverse effects of fast food cause diseases like depression, risk of digestive diseases, diabetes, addiction to fast food and overall an unhealthy lifestyle.
As of 2017, Pakistan is the world's 9th largest meat producing country.
ReplyDeletePakistan produced 1.87 million tons of meat in 2017, accounting for 2.89% of global meat production.
Here's the top 10 list:
1. US (12 million tons), 2. Brazil (9.5 million tons) , 3. EU (7.87 million tons) , 4. China (7 million tons), 5. India (4.25 million tons) , 6. Argentina (2.6 million tons), 7. Australia (2 million tons) , 8. Mexico (1.91 million tons) , 9. Pakistan (1.78 million tons) , 10. Turkey (1.7 million tons)
http://www.thedailyrecords.com/2018-2019-2020-2021/world-famous-top-10-list/world/largest-meat-producing-countries-world-beef-exporting-10-top/14456/
World Cattle Inventory:
ReplyDeletePakistan ranks 8th in the world in number of heads of cattle:
World 1,467,548,724
Rank Country Head % Of Total
1 Brazil 211,764,292 14.43%
2 India 189,000,000 12.88%
3 China 113,500,000 7.73%
4 United States 89,299,600 6.08%
5 Ethiopia 54,000,000 3.68%
6 Argentina 51,095,000 3.48%
7 Sudan 41,917,000 2.86%
8 Pakistan 38,299,000 2.61%
9 Mexico 32,402,461 2.21%
10 Australia 29,290,769
2.00%
https://beef2live.com/story-world-cattle-inventory-ranking-209-countries-fao-247-127843
1.44 million tons annual chicken meat production in Pakistan
ReplyDeletehttps://pakistanpoultry.org/an-overview-of-poultry-industry/
Meat and Egg Production
Broiler Live
GP (325,000 x 4) 1.3 Million Kg
PS (12.5 Million x 4) 50.0 Million Kg
Broiler (1.237 Billion x 1.8) 2,226.0 Million Kg
Layer
PS (800,000 x 1.8) 1.44 Million Kg
Commercial Layer (70,000,000 x 1.8) 126.00 Million Kg
Total Production 2,400.00 Million Kg
Meat (60%) 1,440.00 Million Kg
Meat (per Capita) (1,440/200 Million) 7.20 Kg
Table eggs (per Capita) (17,500/200 Million) 88 Eggs / Capita
Pakistan fat intake 67 g/person/day
ReplyDeleteIndia 48 g/person/day
World: 79 g/person/day
Developed countries: 131 g/person/day
Developing World: 66 g/person/day
Sub-Saharan Africa: 46 g/person/day
http://chartsbin.com/view/1156
----------------
Livestock accounts for the biggest contribution to agriculture sector and there has been a quite interesting trend in the livestock products where every single product has witnessed a handsome growth in production except mutton. In case of mutton production, there has been a shift in trend, first increasing production from 2001-2004 followed by a sharp decline in 2005-06 and then increasing again. First look at the data suggest that this sharp decline in the production of mutton is due to the substitution effect as the production of its close substitutes (beef and poultry meat) has experienced a sharp increase for the same year but this notion requires detailed analysis (see, Figure 3). Beef production has seen a growth of 100 percent from 2001-2016 while it’s the poultry products which has seen the sharpest growth with the growth of 245 percent in poultry meat and 116 percent in the production of eggs. Increasing by every year, milk production in the country has observed a growth of 67 percent from 2001-2016.
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83522/1/MPRA_paper_83522.pdf
Agriculture Development
ReplyDeletein the Central Asia Regional
Economic Cooperation Program
Member Countries
Review of Trends, Challenges,
and Opportunities
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEArch INSTITuTE
DECEMBER 2019
Food Intake
The average daily per capita calorific intake was estimated at 2,440 kcal in 2013. Figure A.62 displays the
proportion of calorific intake contributed by each of the major food groups. Cereals accounted for 48% of
daily calorific intake in 2013. Calorific intake from animal sources comprised 22%, while fruit and vegetables
accounted for 2%. The average daily per capita protein consumption was estimated at 65.5 grams, while the
average dietary energy supply adequacy was estimated to be 108% in 2015–2017.
https://www.adb.org/publications/trends-agricultural-development-carec-countries
Highlights (food security, nutrition and health conditions)
ReplyDeletehttp://www.fao.org/3/ca5585en/ca5585en.pdf
• Pakistan’s food security and nutrition status has much room to improve (slide 12).
• In 2015–2017, one-fifth (20.5 percent) of its population was undernourished; the percentage
was higher than the Southern Asian average (15.2 percent), the Asian average (11.5 percent)
and the world average (10.8 percent).
• In 2012, 45.0 percent of children in Pakistan were stunted (chronic malnutrition); the
percentage was higher than the Southern Asian average of 37.9 percent, the Asian average of
27.1 percent and the world average of 24.9 percent.
• In 2016, 52.1 percent of Pakistan’s women of reproductive age (15–49 years) were anaemic; the
percentage was much higher than the world average (32.8 percent).
• Pakistan’s total protein intake increased from 59.4 g/day per capita in 1993 to 65.5 g/day in 2013
(slide 13). Its 65.5 g/day per capita total protein intake in 2013 was slightly higher than the Southern
Asian average (61.7 g/day), yet much lower than the world average (81.2 g/day) (slide 14).
• Pakistan’s life expectancy at birth in 2017 was 67 years (68 years for women and 66 years for men),
which was lower than the Southern Asian average (69 years), the Asian average (73 years), the
developing regions average (71 years) and the world average of 72 years at that time (slide 15).
Pakistan: 20.5 percent of the population (nearly 40 million people) were undernourished in
the mid-2010s – the percentage was higher than the Southern Asian average (15.2 percent),
Asian average (11.5 percent) and world average (10.8 percent); a large proportion (45 percent
in 2012) of children were stunted.
Pakistan: Total protein intake increased from 59.4 g/day per capita in 1993
to 65.5 g/day per capita in 2013; the share of animal protein in total protein
increased from 33.4 percent to 41.6 percent, yet the share of fish and
seafood declined from 1.3 percent to 0.9 percent.
Pakistan’s total protein intake in 2013 was 65.5 g/day per capita, slightly higher than the Southern Asian
average (61.7 g) but only 80 percent of the world average (81.2 g); its animal protein was 41.6 percent of
total protein, slightly higher than the world average (39.6 percent) and much higher than the Southern
Asian average (22.5 percent); its fish protein was 0.9 percent of total protein, much lower than the
Southern Asian average (3.1 percent) and world average (6.5 percent).
Pakistan: In 2017, life expectancy at birth was 67 years, lower than the Southern Asian
average (69), developing regions average (71) and world average (72); women are
expected to live longer than men in Pakistan (68 years versus 66 years).
Highlights (contribution of fish to food and nutrition)
• Pakistan’s 27.3 g/day per capita animal protein intake in 2013 was slightly lower than the world average
(32.1 g/day) but twice as much as the Southern Asian average (13.9 g/day) (slide 18), yet fish
contributed only 2.2 percent of the country’s animal protein intake in 2013 (slide 19), declining from
3.8 percent in 1993 (slide 20), much lower than the Southern Asian average (13.7 percent) and world
average (16.3 percent) (slide 19).
• In 2013, 82.8 percent of Pakistan’s fish production was food fish for direct human consumption, and
17.2 percent was for non-food uses (slide 21).
• In 2013, 98.8 percent of Pakistan’s food fish supply was from domestic production, and food fish import
accounted for 1.2 percent (slide 21).
• In 2013, 67.1 percent of Pakistan’s food fish utilization was for domestic consumption, and 32.9 percent
was for export (slide 21).
• Only one-third of the increase in Pakistan’s food fish supply during 1993–2013 went to domestic
consumption; the other two-thirds were accounted for by net export. The 28 percent increase in total
fish consumption during the period is only half of the 56 percent growth in its population, resulting in a
decline in its per capita fish consumption from 2.8 kg in 1993 to 1.9 kg in 2013 (slide 22).
Azolla as a fodder for livestock
ReplyDeletehttps://www.technologytimes.pk/2019/05/29/azolla-fodder-livestock/
Azolla is a small plant which can easily grow in Pakistan and require just few inches of standing water for its growth, but the interesting part is that its rich in protein, dry matter, minerals, oils etc. which we needed for our livestock and it also have optimum palatability
Azolla is a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns in the family Salviniaceae. They are extremely reduced in form and specialized, looking nothing like other typical ferns but more resembling duckweed or some mosses. Azolla is a highly productive plant. It doubles its biomass in 3–10 days, depending on conditions, and yield can reach 8–10 tons fresh matter/ha.
Azolla meal contained (%DM) 21.4 crude protein, 12.7 crude fiber, 2.7 ether extract, 16.2 ash and 47.0 carbohydrate. A gross energy value of 2039 kcal kg was obtained. The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium were 1.16%, 1.29%, 1.25% and 0.25% respectively, while those of sodium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc were 23.79ppm, 174.42ppm, 755.73ppm, 16.74ppm and 87.59ppm respectively.
The chemical score index showed the potential of Azolla meal as a good source of protein. Leucine, lysine, arginine and valine were the predominant essential amino acids. To produce Azolla we just need a standing water and sunlight. Asian or typically Pakistan environment is optimum for it. As it can grow on few inches of standing water, we can grow it in slap by slap in open environment just to increase its production per hector.
After harvesting Azolla just dry it in sunlight for 2-3 day as we have very hot environment it can be done in greenhouse or can be done by hot air blower and use in the concentrate or make pellet’s for poultry by adding some other necessary ingredients in it. Azolla can be found in the wild or in some garden and aquatic stores. In several countries Azolla is considered an aquatic weed and its import, possession and distribution are prohibited or discouraged.
In other countries Azolla has disappeared due to indiscriminate use of pesticides and needs to be nurtured as an endangered species. So, we can collect from any wild or aquatic garden and grow in our handmade pounds. Azolla prefers a placid water surface and temperatures around 20-30°C. It will die if it is subjected to prolonged freezing, but it can survive short periods of freezing.
Azolla growth rate is greatly reduced above 35℃ and it dies at temperatures above 45°C. It thrives in plenty of light (though not in direct sunlight) and in water that is rich in all essential plant nutrients. Azolla can grow in a nitrogen-free solution, but the nitrogen concentration level in water does affect growth and nitrogen fixation rates it is especially responsive to phosphorus and requires a continuous supply of this nutrient to maintain rapid growth.
Azolla that is exposed to intense sunlight or heat turns red and grows more slowly. A good location for a Azolla cultivation is in the shadow of a north facing wall or under a tree canopy. If no shadow is available, then shade cloth or mesh can be used to decrease the amount of light falling on the Azolla. Shade cloth can also be used to prevent animals, such as birds, from eating Azolla and polluting the cultivation.
Azolla can grow in layers and form mats that are several centimeters thick. However, Azolla grows best when there are gaps between the plants. It is therefore advisable to harvest Azolla regularly so that plants do not crowd or overlap, and to gently stir the water occasionally so that fronds break and the Azolla multiplies.
After an Azolla cultivation has been seeded it takes some time for the growth to stabilize. Once stabilized, the doubling time of Azolla is 3-5 days if the conditions are good in a 2 square meter cultivation about 250 grams of Azolla can be harvested daily. In a 100 square meter cultivation it is possible to harvest about 10 kg of Azolla daily.
Protein contents of a typical duckweed may be as high as up to 45% of the total dry mass of plants. Due to high protein content, the harvested duckweed is a potential food source for human and animal feeds
ReplyDeletehttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0221755
Sustainable management of leachate produced from the dumpsite is one of the major concerns in developing countries Aquatic plants such as duckweed have the potential to remove pollutants from wastewater which can also be cost-effective and feasible options for leachate treatment. Therefore, the objective of our present study was to examine the growth and nutrient removal efficiency of duckweed (Lemna minor) on leachate. Three tests were performed each by growing lemna minor on synthetic leachate under controlled conditions and on dumpsite leachate under natural conditions. During each test, duckweed was grown in 300 ml plastic containers with a surface area of 25.8 cm2. About 60 mg of fresh mass of duckweed was grown on 250 ml leachate at an internal depth of 9.5 cm. Results revealed that, in comparison to synthetic leachate, duckweed removed Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) more efficiently from dumpsite leachate under natural climatic conditions. However, the amounts of N and P absorbed into duckweed body mass were about 16% and 35% respectively more at synthetic leachate under controlled conditions. Maximum growth rate of duckweed (7.03 g m-2 day-1) was also observed for synthetic leachate in comparison to the growth rate of 4.87 g m-2 day-1 at dumpsite leachate. Results of this study provide a useful interpretation of duckweed growth and nutrient removal dynamics from leachate under natural and laboratory conditions.
Dumpsite leachate used in this study was prepared by processing the mixed solid waste collected from various residential, commercial and industrial dumpsites in Islamabad, Pakistan. About 100 to 120 kg of well decomposed solid waste was collected from each dumpsite. Waste was collected from pre-determined lowest points at depths of 0.5 m to 1.5 m [28]. Collected wastes were mixed in plastic tank having an internal diameter of about 1.5 m and a height of about 1.8 m. A sieve (pore size 1mm) was fixed at an internal height of 10 cm of the plastic tank. Fig 1 shows the schematic setup used for leachate production.
A mixed culture of duckweed was collected from wastewater treatment pond located in National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. Lemna minor plants were isolated from the mixed duckweed culture and used for this study after acclimatization for about seven days.
Data related to ambient air temperature and day lengths as shown in Table 2 was retrieved from the website of Pakistan Metrological Department, whereas the solar radiation data was obtained from the web site of LEO Corporation, Pakistan.
All experiments during this study were conducted within the premises of Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan where I am pursuing my doctoral degree (33° 38′ 41″ N, 72° 59′ 22″ E). Experimental site is owned by the IESE, NUST where no permits are required to conduct the research work for IESE students. Furthermore, it is to note that no endangered or protected species or locations were involved during this research study.
Advances in farming technology and intensification of animal agriculture increase the cost-efficiency and production volume of meat. Thus, in developed nations, meat is relatively inexpensive and accessible. While beneficial for consumer satisfaction, intensive meat production inflicts negative externalities on public health, the environment and animal welfare. In response, groups within academia and industry are working to improve the sensory characteristics of plant-based meat and pursuing nascent approaches through cellular agriculture methodology (i.e., cell-based meat). Here we detail the benefits and challenges of plant-based and cell-based meat alternatives with regard to production efficiency, product characteristics and impact categories.
ReplyDeletehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20061-y
Global production and consumption of meat continue to surge as demand is driven upward by population growth, individual economic gain, and urbanization1,2. In 2012, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations projected the global demand for meat would reach 455 M metric tons by 2050 (a 76% increase from 2005)3. Likewise, the global demand for fish is projected to reach 140 M metric tons by 20504. The majority of this incline is attributed to middle-income countries (e.g., China), as consumption in higher-income countries is relatively stagnant or marginally decreasing (e.g., United Kingdom) and in lower-income countries, the rate of consumption is fairly constant (e.g., India)1. This pattern is consistent with a proposed theory that the relationship between meat consumption and income follows an “inverted U-shaped” trend; consumption initially increases with rises in income but eventually reaches a turning point at which consumption stagnates or declines5. This observation may be rationalized by correlations between high income and increased concern for the consequences of animal agriculture5.
This rising demand is problematic as current methods of large-scale animal husbandry are linked to public health complications, environmental degradation and animal welfare concerns. With regard to human health, the animal agriculture industry is interconnected with foodborne illness, diet-related disease, antibiotic resistance, and infectious disease6,7. Notably, zoonotic diseases (e.g., Nipah virus, influenza A) are linked to agricultural intensification and meatpacking plants in the United States were hotspots for COVID-19 outbreaks7,8. Animal agriculture also contributes to environmental issues including greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and water use1. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a 2018 report asserting that greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced 45% by 2030 to prevent global temperatures from increasing 1.5 °C; a target that could mitigate catastrophes associated with a 2.0 °C increase9. Conventional mitigation techniques include improvements in reforestation, soil conservation, waste management as well as tax policy, subsidies, and zoning regulations10. While these strategies remain important, the urgency of climate change may require more transformative approaches. Lastly, with regard to animal welfare concerns, each year billions of animals are killed or suffer either directly (e.g., farm animal slaughter, seafood fishing) or indirectly (e.g., fishing by-catch, wildlife decline due to habitat destruction) in relation to human food systems11,12.
Pakistan exports around four percent of beef and veal produced in a year. Being the world’s top-10 beef and veal producers, the country produces approximately 1.8 million tons.
ReplyDeletehttps://www.thenews.com.pk/print/853605-malaysia-clears-third-pakistani-supplier-for-meat-import
Exports of meat and meat preparations amounted to $306 million in the first 11 months of the current fiscal year, around 10 percent up over the preceding fiscal year. That was 1.4 percent of the country’s total exports of $22.6 billion.
The global halal food market was valued at $715 billion in 2018, and is expected to grow at an average 12.7 percent between 2019 and 2027, according to an estimate.
The trade balance is in favour of Malaysia, and the volume of bilateral trade could be multiplied within next few years if certain adjustments are made in the free trade agreement with Pakistan.
China in April allowed another Pakistani firm to export meat to one of the world’s biggest markets after lifting quarantine restrictions.
The Organic Meat Company received an approval from Chinese customs authorities for export of heat-treated meat to China.
The company has pioneered the heat treatment process whereby foot and mouth disease virus can be removed from beef meat. China is one of the world’s largest beef consumers and that imports half a million tons annually to reduce gap in demand and supply.
Chinese authorities had imposed quarantine restrictions on Pakistan’s meat which has the world’s lowest price. Pakistan exports beef to Vietnam in bulk and from there it enters into China without any restrictions.
Record meat exports at 95,991 tonnes in FY21
ReplyDeletehttps://www.dawn.com/news/1647843
KARACHI: Pakistan exported 95,991 tonnes (worth $333 million) meat and meat preparations in FY21 — an all-time high figures — against 83,749 tonnes ($304m) a year ago. However, the average per tonne price (APT) remained low at $3,473 as compared to $3,631 in FY20.
The new fiscal started with a twist as the APT price soared to $4,234 in July-August 2021-22 from $3,444 in the same period in the last fiscal year despite drop in quantity to 11,702 tonnes ($49m) from 14,974 tonnes ($51.5m) in the same period FY21, down by 22pc in quantity and 4pc in value.
Exports have been facing a downward trend from July 2021. As per figures of Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), in July 2021, exports plunged to 5,889 tonnes ($25m) from 8,176 tonnes ($28m) in July 2020. The APT price stood at $4,182 in July 2021 versus $3,465 in July 2020.
In August 2021, exports stood at 6,047 tonnes ($25m) as compared to 6,798 ($23m) in the same month in 2020. The APT went up to $4,213 from $3,418 in the above period.
In the last 10 years, exports hovered in the range of 56,000-85,000 tonnes.
Pakistan’s meat exports have been struggling to compete with the exporters of African countries who have been offering competitive prices for shipments to the Middle East markets than local exporters, Managing Director of PK Livestock Tariq Mehmood Butt said.
However, massive rupee devaluation against the dollar from May 2021 till to date has provided a much breathing space for the exporters, he said. However, high local meat prices have diluted the positive impact of rupee fall against the greenback. One dollar was equal to Rs152 in May 2021 as compared to Rs169 now in the interbank market, Mr Butt added.
He explained that the cattle mandi and quarantine fees were taken by the government, thus pushing up costs and decreasing competitiveness of exportable items.
Pakistan exports 98pc of meat and meat preparations to the ME markets by air. The share of beef is 95pc of total exports; he said adding that Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia and Sudan are giving a tough time to Pakistani exporters.
Our total consumption of wheat and atta is about 125kg per capita per year. Our per person per day calorie intake has risen from about 2,078 in 1949-50 to 2,400 in 2001-02 and 2,580 in 2020-21
ReplyDeleteBy Riaz Riazuddin former deputy governor of the State Bank of Pakistan.
https://www.dawn.com/news/1659441/consumption-habits-inflation
As households move to upper-income brackets, the share of spending on food consumption falls. This is known as Engel’s law. Empirical proof of this relationship is visible in the falling share of food from about 48pc in 2001-02 for the average household. This is an obvious indication that the real incomes of households have risen steadily since then, and inflation has not eaten up the entire rise in nominal incomes. Inflation seldom outpaces the rise in nominal incomes.
Coming back to eating habits, our main food spending is on milk. Of the total spending on food, about 25pc was spent on milk (fresh, packed and dry) in 2018-19, up from nearly 17pc in 2001-01. This is a good sign as milk is the most nourishing of all food items. This behaviour (largest spending on milk) holds worldwide. The direct consumption of milk by our households was about seven kilograms per month, or 84kg per year. Total milk consumption per capita is much higher because we also eat ice cream, halwa, jalebi, gulab jamun and whatnot bought from the market. The milk used in them is consumed indirectly. Our total per person per year consumption of milk was 168kg in 2018-19. This has risen from about 150kg in 2000-01. It was 107kg in 1949-50 showing considerable improvement since then.
Since milk is the single largest contributor in expenditure, its contribution to inflation should be very high. Thanks to milk price behaviour, it is seldom in the news as opposed to sugar and wheat, whose price trend, besides hurting the poor is also exploited for gaining political mileage. According to PBS, milk prices have risen from Rs82.50 per litre in October 2018 to Rs104.32 in October 2021. This is a three-year rise of 26.4pc, or per annum rise of 8.1pc. Another blessing related to milk is that the year-to-year variation in its prices is much lower than that of other food items. The three-year rise in CPI is about 30pc, or an average of 9.7pc per year till last month. Clearly, milk prices have contributed to containing inflation to a single digit during this period.
Next to milk is wheat and atta which constitute about 11.2pc of the monthly food expenditure — less than half of milk. Wheat and atta are our staple food and their direct consumption by the average household is 7kg per capita (84kg per capita per year). As we also eat naan from the tandoors, bread from bakeries etc, our indirect consumption of wheat and atta is 41kg per capita. Our total consumption of wheat and atta is about 125kg per capita per year. Our per person per day calorie intake has risen from about 2,078 in 1949-50 to 2,400 in 2001-02 and 2,580 in 2020-21. The per capita per day protein intake in grams increased from 63 to 67 to about 75 during these years. Does this indicate better health? To answer this, let us look at how we devour ghee and sugar. Also remember that each person requires a minimum of 2,100 calories and 60g of protein per day.
Undoubtedly, ghee, cooking oil and sugar have a special place in our culture. We are familiar with Urdu idioms mentioning ghee and shakkar. Two relate to our eating habits. We greet good news by saying ‘Aap kay munh may ghee shakkar’, which literally means that may your mouth be filled with ghee and sugar. We envy the fortune of others by saying ‘Panchon oonglian ghee mei’ (all five fingers immersed in ghee, or having the best of both worlds). These sayings reflect not only our eating trends, but also the inflation burden of the rising prices of these three items — ghee, cooking oil and sugar. Recall any wedding dinner. Ghee is floating in our plates.
Al-Shaheer Corporation Limited (ASC), a major meat exporter, on Tuesday announced that it has become the first local company to sign a business relationship agreement with McDonald's Pakistan for the supply of beef products.
ReplyDeleteThe company, in a notice sent to the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), said the beef products would be supplied through its frozen food facility located in Lahore.
“It is our great pleasure to announce that ASC is the first-ever Pakistani company to enter into a business relationship agreement with McDonald's Pakistan for the supply of beef products,” it said in the PSX notice.
https://www.brecorder.com/news/amp/40197249
Pakistan is the world's third largest producer of goat meat after China and India.
ReplyDeletePakistan ranks 3rd with 532 million kg of goat meat produced in 2023
China tops with 2.5 billion kg, followed by India with 550 million kg.
https://www.tridge.com/intelligences/goat-meat/production
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Pakistan opens the Jordanian meat market - Euromeatnews.com
https://euromeatnews.com/Article-Pakistan-opens-the-Jordanian-meat-market/5044
Pakistan is tapping the Jordanian meat market, as three slaughterhouses are already approved to export bovine, camel, sheep and goat meat to Amman. For the last few years, Jordan has imported constantly around 150,000 tonnes of halal meat, worth $464 million. According to the Ministry of National Food Security and Research data, the total volume of meat production in Pakistan was 4,708 tonnes in 2019-20. Of this, 2,303 tonnes was beef, 748 tonnes was mutton and 1,657 tonnes was poultry. Pakistani meat exporters are facing intense competition in the halal meat market from other countries like India, Brazil, Australia and Africa. However, the country wants to focus on camel meat exports. "Pakistan has recently become a top exporter of camel meat in the world", mentioned Ismail Suttar, President of Employers Federation of Pakistan. The global halal meat market is projected to reach a value of $3.2 trillion by 2024. Nevertheless, top exporters in this market are Brazil, Australia and India. "Not even a single Muslim country falls in the list of top five global exporters of halal products", commented Ahmad Jawad, former chairman of agriculture committee for the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
Major importers of halal meat are represented by Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, Indonesia and Egypt.
Pakistanis' average testosterone level is 635 ng/dl, ranking the 4th highest in the world, after Mongolia (693), Ethiopia (671) and Nigeria (649).
ReplyDeletehttps://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/testosterone-levels-by-country
https://www.tiktok.com/@aliecompro_clips/video/7394539447229992225?_r=1&_t=8oIClRyW6Sk
Red meat can increase testosterone levels in small amounts because it contains zinc and vitamin D, which are important for testosterone production. However, eating too much meat can have the opposite effect. A 2019 article from nutritionfacts.org claims that a meal high in fat can lower testosterone levels by nearly one-third within hours. Consuming too much meat can also disrupt hormonal balance by increasing estrogen levels.
https://www.hollandandbarrett.com/the-health-hub/food-drink/food/10-foods-to-increase-testosterone/
Mongolia 693
Ethiopia 671
Nigeria 649
Pakistan 635
Egypt 623
Russia 619
Saudi Arabia 605
Poland 595
Kyrgyzstan 595
Sudan 589
Uganda 586
Yemen 577
Iran 564
Philippines 562
Kenya 559
Italy 556
Germany 542
Portugal 537
Sri Lanka 533
Tunisia 532
Iraq 523
South Africa 517
Morocco 505
Vietnam 503
Indonesia 502
Malaysia 492
Belgium 488
Jordan 488
China 480
Myanmar 475
India 474
Qatar 474
Switzerland 472
Ukraine 471
South Korea 459
Turkey 456
Spain 453
Serbia 440
Australia 434
Thailand 433
Palestine 431
New Zealand 428
Bangladesh 423
United States 420
France 420
Finland 418
Sweden 417
Brazil 416
Mexico 412
Uruguay 404
Cuba 403
Canada 402
Israel 395
Romania 394
Lithuania 392
Greece 391
Chile 358
Kazakhstan 356
Latvia 349
Bahrain 346
Slovakia 330
Czech Republic 324
Venezuela 290